The Haugians

Adolph Tidemand was Norway's leading painter of folk life in the 19th century. He made it his life's work to portray the life and customs of the Norwegian farmer. He is a unifying figure in national romanticism, and inspired many of the poets of the time with his images, including Andreas Munch and Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson. The latter half of the 1840s is often regarded as an artistic flourishing time for Tidemand; then he painted major works such as Bridal Wedding in Hardanger (1848, together with Hans Gude), Haugianerne (1848) and De ensomme gamle (1848). These early pictures are characterized by an idealized representation of the Norwegian farmer. Later pictures strike a more dramatic and realistic tone. This applies to pictures such as Tvekamp i et bonde bryllup (1864) and Fanatikerne (1866), both major works from his later production. Tidemand was born in Mandal in 1814. He studied in the years 1832–1837 at the Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen, where he was a pupil of Johan Ludvig Lund. In 1837–1841 he studied history painting under Theodor Hildebrandt and Wilhelm Schadow in Düsseldorf. Tidemand's ambition was to become a history painter, and in 1841 he caused a stir with his first historical composition: Gustav Vasa speaking to the dalkarlen in Mora church, a picture from Swedish history. The picture was purchased for the Kunstverein für Rheinland und Westphalia. With a scholarship from home, he traveled via Munich to Rome (1841–1842), where he received decisive impressions particularly from Raphael and Perugino. Here he worked on studies for an altarpiece, Christ blesses the little children, commissioned for Our Savior's Church in Oslo. After returning home in 1842, however, he lost the commission, as he would not bow to Johann Sebastian Welhaven's demand that he perform it in Rome. This dispute took away from him the desire to settle in Norway, and in 1845 he settled in Düsseldorf. Apart from a stay at home in 1848–1849, he remained there for the rest of his life, but with numerous study trips to Norway. The most important had already taken place in 1843, when he visited Gudbrandsdalen, Sogn, Voss and Hardanger. Here, and the following summer in Telemark, he found a farming environment that had still preserved much of its originality, and he came to see it as his life's mission to reproduce it "in clean, polished images". In later works such as Slagsmål i et bonde bryllup (1862–64) and Fanatikerne (1866, Nationalmuseum, Stockholm), the idyll is replaced by a condensed dramatic tension, and a stronger realism is sometimes noticeable, as in Nød (1874, Kristiansand gallery). Less significant are his altarpieces. In his last years he took up history painting again, but his Christian 4 landscape Christiania did not get further than the sketch. It is in the safe and expressive composition that Tidemand has its strength. We find finer painterly values ​​primarily in his numerous sketches and studies, taken from many corners of the country, and also from Värmland and Dalarna. The National Museum/National Gallery owns 117 paintings and studies and a number of drawings by him.